CNBC's Jim Cramer explains Tesla stock surge [VIDEO]

Jim Cramer of CNBC gives ten reasons why he thinks Tesla Motors' stock has nearly quintupled since the beginning of the year, posting a gain of around 396 percent in less than eight months.

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Peugeot to unveil 208 HYbrid FE concept at Frankfurt

At the Frankfurt Motor Show, PEUGEOT and Total will unveil their technological concept, the 208 HYbrid FE, a full petrol hybrid with exceptional characteristics and without a Plug-in energy source.

The Research and Development teams the two partners rose brilliantly to the challenge proposed by establishing a remarkable level of performance, based on a production PEUGEOT 208 hatchback: 0 to 100km/h / 0 to 62mph in 8.0 seconds and CO2 of just 49g/km over the official NEDC European Drive Cycle (Combined Cycle figure). Numerous innovations are implemented in several areas:

Aerodynamic properties: improvements of 25% for the CdA,

Weight: reduction of 20%,

Powertrain: 10% improvement in fuel economy,

Hybridisation: recovery of 25% of the energy over one drive cycle.

The 208 HYbrid FE project combines ideas which until now acted against each other - Fuel Economy and Fun&Efficient, reason and driving pleasure - giving a preview of the vehicles of tomorrow.

"The 208 HYbrid FE project is essential as it explores solutions for reaching the bar of 2l/100km. It also showcases our R&D work with our historic partner Total. Together, we are developing more economical vehicles, we are winning victories all over the world. Together, we are making good progress." Maxime Picat, Director General, Automobiles Peugeot

"With the 208 HYbrid FE, PEUGEOT and Total are combining their expertise to offer the technical solutions of tomorrow. Energy efficiency is a strategic aspect for our Group as it is at the heart of the expectations of our customers, who wish to enjoy the benefits of efficiency and yet retain driving pleasure. It is also a response to contemporary environmental challenges and the means of preserving fossil fuels, which are precious resources." Philippe Boisseau, member of the Executive Committee, President of Marketing & Services and New Energies department at Total

Since 1995, PEUGEOT and Total have been working extensively together to significantly increase fuel economy, improve CO2 emissions and the TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) of motor vehicles. For PEUGEOT, this is a long-standing environmental policy. With this commitment, in 2013 the Marque is reducing still further the weighted average emissions of CO2 of its European ranges: by the end of May it was 116.3g/km, compared to 121.5g/km in 2012.

Total's researchers are continually working on developing future motor vehicle fuels and lubricants.

The Group provides PEUGEOT and its networks worldwide with FE (Fuel Economy) lubricants: by reducing friction in the combustion engine, these lubricants have contributed to a 5% reduction in CO2 emissions in the last ten years with PEUGEOT engines. The Total Excellium top-of-the-range fuels also contribute to improving fuel economy.

The objective of the 208 HYbrid FE is to combine real driving pleasure with low CO2 emissions. More precisely, the intention is to halve the CO2 emissions of the PEUGEOT 208, equipped with the 1.0- litre VTi 68 and to provide it with acceleration comparable to a performance hatchback, so quite a challenge!

The challenge is made all the greater for the teams of the 208 HYbrid FE project as the production PEUGEOT 208 is already renowned for its weight-saving design and its latest-generation engines that allow it to offer a high-level driving experience.

To rise to this challenge, Total and PEUGEOT therefore combined their capacity for innovation in all areas capitalising on the virtuous circle initiated by the hatchback.

"The goal of 49g and acceleration from rest in 8.0 seconds is as difficult to achieve as victory on the other side of the world. The small team consisting of the best experts in each of the areas brought all of its creativity and enthusiasm into play, and we did it!" Bruno Famin, Director, PEUGEOT Sport

The 208 HYbrid FE, all part of the Marque's hybrid strategy
The policy goal in terms of CO2 is ambitious. It involves achieving 95g/km on weighted average of the new vehicles sold in Europe in 2020. To rise to this challenge without sacrificing driving pleasure, PEUGEOT is investing in several technologies which are already present on its vehicles and achieving substantial progress: continuous improvement of the efficiency of the internal combustion engines, down-sizing strategy, widespread use of the Stop & Start, electric drive ...

The HYbrid4 diesel-electric hybridisation, is part of this process. Launched as a world first by PEUGEOT on the 3008 Crossover, it has since been extended to the 508 RXH and the 508 Saloon. Over 28,000 customers of the HYbrid4 technology have discovered an new driving pleasure which combines performance, simplicity of use, silent-driving and reducing environmental impact with CO2 emissions from 88g/km.

With the 2008 HYbrid Air, PEUGEOT is innovating once more in the interests of the environment and of its customers in all of its markets. In fact, this breakthrough technology combines petrol and compressed air to fulfil customer expectations and rise to the challenges facing the motor industry.

On the current generation of B segment vehicles, the HYbrid Air considerably improves fuel economy and reduces CO2 emissions. In fact, on completion of the homologated Drive Cycle tests, the figures are set at just 2.9l/100km (97.4mpg) and 69g/km. This technology is a key step towards the goal of reducing fuel consumption to just 2.0l/100km (141.2mpg).

The 208 HYbrid FE combines innovations which will make it possible to achieve this record figure.

PEUGEOT style, naturally efficient
Fluidity is part of the Marque's stylistic heritage, it is in its DNA. On the 208 HYbrid FE, the aerodynamics experts took the exercise to an extreme. So, the Cd improves by 25%, to a value slightly lower than 0.25 and a real feat on a conventional vehicle where the passenger space and boot are maintained!

To achieve this, the air is parted by the 'floating grille' redesigned for permeability and reduced by 40% to just 5dm². In fact, as the engine has been modified for efficiency, it duly requires less cooling.

On the body sides, any flow disrupting components has been eliminated to help improve the aero performance. The tyres, specially developed by Michelin, are of the Tall&Narrow type, ie: of large diameter and narrow width. They are fitted on 19" alloy wheels on which the carbon aerodynamic flaps fill the space between each spoke.

Cameras provide the rear vision, the image being reproduced on board on the interior mirror reminiscent of sporting disciplines like endurance racing. The rear track also contributes to this efficiency by being narrower by 40mm, further reducing the Cd. Finally, the design of the roof extends in an almost horizontal movement leading into the tailgate spoiler.

The rear aspect, with chamfered edges, has an air deflector in its lower section. It deflects the airflow which passes under the vehicle without hindrance due to the completely flat floor.

Finally, to reduce its environmental footprint as much as possible, the LED lamps of the 208 HYbrid FE have thin vertical fins, inspired by the Onyx Concept supercar. These features minimise the air flow turbulence.

A considerable reduction in weight: 20%
When it was launched, the PEUGEOT 208 hatchback shook up the segment, notably due to its light weight - from only 975kg at the Access level. This performance is remarkable, but in the future vehicles will need to be even lighter while still providing the high levels of comfort and safety.

"Reducing the weight was a primary area of consideration. To achieve the 20% reduction in the weight of the vehicle we carried out a study part by part and equipped the 208 HYbrid FE with the most innovative materials from Hutchinson, CCP Composites and Total's Polymers activity. This process is even more virtuous as it does not sacrifice any of the safety and comfort used in the vehicle while introducing real innovations." Philippe Girard, Scientific Department Representative, Total Composite materials

The 208 HYbrid FE benefits from the latest material innovations developed by the Polymers Division of the Refining-Chemicals department at Total, as well as by its two subsidiaries CCP Composites and Hutchinson.

Taken from the end of the assembly line, the 208 retains its metal structure. Composite components replace bodywork panels and the floor, further reducing the weight of the body shell from 295 to 227kg. The one-piece outer skin (weighing just 20kg), the flat base (8kg), the door panels (c2kg) and the lower front panel are made from carbon fibre. The bonnet (5kg) and the wings (c2.1kg) are constructed from a composite VER/Carbon, a material which is half the weight but with comparable structural properties. It is obtained from a new type of resin which can be used untreated, painted or colour-dyed.

Finally, with the exception of the door windows, the glazing uses polycarbonate to further save 5kg.

The 208 HYbrid FE innovates in its use as this material has up until now be reserved for headlight lenses. It reduces the weight by more than 50% compared to conventional glass.

Innovative suspension and wheels
The 208 HYbrid FE rests on innovative pseudo MacPherson suspension with a 'glass fibre resin' composite transverse located blade. It replaces several components: suspension springs, lower wishbones and anti-roll bar. The front blade also has varying flexibility along its length. Designed and produced by Hutchinson, using these two blades saves 20kg.

Due to their dimensions, the 145/65 R19 wheels themselves reduce the rolling resistance by 20%. They also require less effort on the steering wheel to direct them, making steering assistance superfluous: saving in space under the bonnet, fuel consumption and extra weight. The wheels are fitted onto low friction bearings assisted by special Total grease.

The wheel rims house large brake discs 380mm in diameter and 9.6mm thick. They are rigged with two-piston callipers, 44.5mm at the front and 31.8mm at the rear.

On braking, the reduced effort on the pedal and the intervention of the electric motor mean that the supplementary braking assistance can be eliminated.

A passenger compartment for five occupants
The 208 HYbrid FE needed to retain the interior features of the production hatchback model. The result proves it: a very economical vehicle that can comfortably accommodate five people and their luggage. Only the air conditioning is eliminated due to its impact on fuel consumption.

The composite door trim pads are developed by Total's Polymers Division using Polypropylene reinforced with natural fibres. Its excellent structure, rigidity and impact absorption properties are accompanied by a reduction in weight of up to 15% and mean a reduction in the carbon footprint of these components. The centre console and vent trims are of VER resin (CCP Composites) left untreated to offer an appearance not previously seen before. In fact, their slightly amber honey colour reveals the natural fibres through transparency.

The weight reduction techniques have also been applied to the petrol engine and the gearbox.

An efficient and high-performance power train
The 208 HYbrid FE is driven by a petrol-electric hybrid powertrain, which combines development of the latest generation of 3-cylinder engine with a battery and an electric motor taken from PEUGEOT Sport's Endurance programme. Special engine management and special software control the entire drive train. Overall, the efficiency of the powertrain increases by an impressive 10%.

"The challenge of this project consisted of combining engine optimisations (reciprocating gears, cylinder head, etc.) and optimising the flow of energy between the internal combustion engine and the electric motor. All of the solutions can potentially be carried over to production." Julien Lidsky, Manager, 208 HYbrid FE Powertrain, PEUGEOT Sport

1.2-litre VTi-FE petrol engine of high efficiency
The 3-cylinder engine has undergone several modifications: optimisation of the engine operational cycle, reduction of friction losses, thermomanagement... All of these advances lead to fuel economy improvements by 10% yet with power maintained at 68bhp (50kW).

The Miller Cycle is accentuated and the compression ratio modified from 11:1 to 16:1 to increase the engine's thermodynamic efficiency. This can lead to self-ignition of the mixture (or knock), which is potentially destructive. To prevent this, several actions were taken.

So, the rate of unburned elements in the combustion chamber is reduced by valves of increased diameter, redesigned exhaust pipes, a redesigned manifold, and an adapted valve lift pattern. Furthermore, the heat exchanges are optimised in the cylinder block due to coolant passages arranged between the cylinders. The coolant now passes through the cylinder head along its entire length to recover the heat around each source: combustion chambers, between injectors and spark plugs.

The engine adopts direct injection which, by means of very precise phasing with the closing of the cylinder, maximises the benefit of each molecule of fuel. The variable setting at the inlet and at the exhaust extends the range of optimum efficiency to the entire engine speed range, both at full load and partial load.

However, not all of these various developments favour power at high engine speed. So, the capacity is modified to 1,233cm3 by increasing the bore and the stroke (75mm x 93mm) to maintain the declared 68bhp (50kW). On the other hand, this progress benefits the maximum torque produced which increases by 25%.

All of the moving components are specific to the 208 HYbrid FE. The nitrated steel crankshaft, the titanium con rods and the aluminium-copper alloy pistons are cut from solid. So, their weight is reduced in spite of the increase in capacity; the con rods and Gudgeon pins being halved.

The friction losses are a challenge as they represent approximately 1/5th of the power consumed by an engine. On the 208 HYbrid FE, they are reduced by approximately 40% notably by the crankshaft, the pistons and the Gudgeon pin, the piston rings and the camshaft followers. These components are given a diamond-like Carbon coating and are geometrically optimised.

The weight of the cylinder head, also cut from a solid block, is halved due to the reduced thicknesses permitted by its design and the characteristics of the aluminium used. The coolant circuit and the inlet line are made by rapid prototyping of resins charged with glass fibres or carbon. To do this, the laser beam of a 3D printer fuses successive layers of aluminium powder. This produces a functional component quickly and more cheaply in the context of individual specialised manufacture.

Produced using the same process, the piston base jets serve here both to cool them on use under load and to heat the oil as quickly as possible on starting.

This virtuous circle affects all of the areas explored by this technological demonstrator. So, the size of the radiator is reduced, benefiting the aerodynamic properties. The alternator, the starter and the reverse gear are eliminated, reducing the weight, mechanical losses, but also in its overall dimensions.

Piloted transmission
The base of the production piloted manual gearbox is retained for its high efficiency and its integrated actuators. The casings cut from a solid block houses a cascade of gears to connect the electric engine to the differential crown wheel. To reduce friction losses, the teeth of the gears are given a tungsten carbide chrome coating.

The greasing is redesigned to reduce the volume of lubricant necessary and prevent splashing over the gears, which also consumes energy. Now, the lubricant is moved to the highest point by the final drive crown wheel before circulating through gravity over the entire mechanism. The prototype gearbox oil is developed by Total Lubricants based on bio-sourced oils, of 75W grade with a very high viscosity index (higher than 250). This produces a 3% reduction in consumption, and becomes a preview of the lubricants of the future.

Taken directly from a competition environment, a fluid grease of low density also reduces the quantity deemed necessary. Its longevity is assured by operation at a lower temperature due to a reduction in friction and finally, the hub bearings adopt a special fluid grease, which adheres but limits friction losses.

Fuel and lubricant
The 208 HYbrid FE passes the CO2 emissions cycle with a benchmark Super 95 fuel. The performance additives of the Excellium type, developed by Total Additives and Special Fuels, would alone reduce the CO2 emissions of this engine by more than one additional gramme per kilometre.

"The 208 HYbrid FE offers a convergence of innovations from the laboratories of Total. Today, the group's researchers are developing biofuels, energy saving lubricants (Fuel-Eco lubricants) and special additives all contributing to improving fuel economy. In France, close to 250 researchers are working on developing the products of tomorrow." Philippe Montantême, Senior Vice President Marketing and Research Strategy, Marketing & Services department at Total

A special engine oil of extremely low viscosity has been developed by Total Lubricants using ultrafluid based oils and by the addition of friction reducing agents containing molybdenum. Of grade 0W12, this oil develops its properties very rapidly with a shorter temperature rise time. Optimised as regards friction, it retains, both when hot and when cold, an advantage compared to the best products on the market. Thus improving fuel economy, here again a few more grammes are saved!

A hybridisation taken from endurance experience
The project has benefited from the expertise of PEUGEOT Sport with its experience acquired in endurance competition. So, the electric motor and the battery are those developed for the PEUGEOT 908 HYbrid4 endurance race car.

"The hybridisation developed for the 908 HYbrid4 is state-of-the-art in this domain. The work consisted of integrating it within the power train of the 208 to recover as much energy as possible on braking and using its full potential on acceleration." Pierre Lebrene, Manager, 208 HYbrid FE Energy Recovery System, PEUGEOT Sport

A special architecture The electric machine combines power and lightness as, at only 7kg, it develops 30kW as a motor and 100kW as a brake generator. In both modes, its torque reaches a maximum of 30Nm. Proportional to the speed of the vehicle, its maximum speed is 40,000rpm. This electric motor provides the reverse gear function, by inverting the direction of rotation, and the starter function. It also provides access to ZEV driving, purely electric.

The Lithium-ion battery, which has a capacity of two usable MJ or 0.56kWh, consists of 0.56 cells of 90V each. They are arranged in groups, which permits the ability to isolate one if deemed necessary.

To ensure that this strategic unit is cooled correctly, Total has developed a special oil for circulating in the dedicated radiator.

Weighing 25kg, it is installed, with the 20-litre petrol tank, on a subframe which is bolted underneath the vehicle directly below the rear bench seat. Here, sporting experience is demonstrated with improved weight distribution. For the inverter and the ECU, these are installed under the bonnet in the space left free by the braking assistance. The hybridisation has no effect on the interior packaging, so the inside the vehicle the passenger space is maintained.

The principle of operation
During deceleration phases, whether by releasing the accelerator pedal or through braking, the vehicle is slowed down primarily by the electric motor. The hydraulic braking only comes into operation at the end of braking phase to maximise the recovery of the energy available. Over one homologation cycle, this recovery is 25%. Then, on acceleration, this energy is returned and assists the petrol engine according to various parameters: acceleration dictated by the driver and the gear selected.

The 208 HYbrid FE, Fun&Efficient and Fuel Efficiency
The PEUGEOT and Total teams, who have been working for months on creating this technological demonstrator, can be justifiably proud.

Up until now, there have been low consumption vehicles and high performance vehicles. For the first time, these two qualities are combined in the same vehicle.

The emissions of CO2 are just 49g/km. The different areas divide up the reduction of 50g/km as follows:

weight reduction, aerodynamic properties and tyres: 40% that is 20g,

hybridisation: 40% that is 20g,

engine and gearbox: 20% that is 10g.

The performance aspect, which improves from 14 to 8 seconds over the 0 to 100km/h / 0-62mph exercise is also contributed to by:

weight reduction, aerodynamic properties and tyres: 4 seconds,

hybridisation: 2 seconds.

The 208 HYbrid FE proves itself beyond the figures. Due to the virtuous circle in which the two partners became involved, the driver enjoys new experiences at the wheel of this technological demonstrator: acceleration worthy of a GTi with mixed fuel economy of 2.1 1/100km (112mpg). Without any loss of comfort or ease of use, the driver will rediscover a direct link with the road due to the elimination of the powered, energy-consuming assistance.

"At the beginning of the project, the objective seemed very ambitious, of a very high level. It was! The two partners, PEUGEOT and Total, achieved it by combining their technological expertise. PEUGEOT Sport has contributed its expertise to the project and has identified new areas of development. Production and competition are progressing together." Christophe Mary, Technical Manager of the 208 HYbrid FE project, PEUGEOT Sport

The 208 HYbrid FE proves that the emotional aspect will always have its place in a PEUGEOT vehicle, even in an increasingly restrictive energy and environmental context. PEUGEOT and Total are the major players in a modern vision of the motor vehicle.

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Dutch Drivers Achieve 625 km Single Charge Range with a Tesla Model S [VIDEO]

A standard Tesla Model S equipped with the 85 kWh battery pack has an official EPA rated range of 265 Miles (424 km) and 310 Miles (500 km) NEDC rating.

On Wednesday August 21st four students from the Technical University Eindhoven Sponsored by Athlon Car Lease achieved 388 miles (624 km) in real world driving conditions.

They're calling it a world record "real long distance driving" for the Tesla Models S because they drove with 2 people on normal roads with normal speeds.

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Tesla Motors Launch Supercharger Network in Norway [VIDEO]

First European Superchargers from Tesla Motors on Vimeo.

Tesla Motors today unveiled its European Supercharger network, energizing stations across Norway that enable Model S owners to conveniently travel for free between cities along well-traveled highways throughout the country.

With locations in Lyngdal, Aurland, Dombås, Gol, Cinderella and Lillehammer, Norway’s most vital and commonly used roads and highways are covered by Tesla Superchargers. Model S customers can drive routes such as the E6 from Trondheim to Oslo, the E18 from Oslo to Kristiansand, the E39 from Kristiansand to Stavanger, and Highway7 from Oslo to Gol for free and with minimal stops. Approximately 90 percent of the Norwegian population lives within 320 km of a Supercharger station, and about 60 percent of the country’s total land mass is within the same distance of a station.

Tesla Superchargers represent the most advanced charging technology in the world, capable of charging Model S 20x faster than most common charging stations. Superchargers provide half a charge in about 20 minutes, delivering up to 120 kW DC (Direct Current) power directly to the Model S battery using special cables that bypass the onboard charging equipment. And because Superchargers are located where customers want to stop, near amenities like roadside diners, cafes and shopping centers, road trippers can stop for a quick meal while their Model S charges for free.

The extensive coverage provided by Tesla’s Supercharger network allowed three Model S to depart for Oslo this morning from locations in the north, west and south of Norway and travel the following major routes with ease: Trondheim-Dombås-Lillehammer-Oslo; Bergen-Aurland-Gol-Oslo; and Stavanger-Lyngdal- Cinderella-Oslo. During their 500 km journeys, each car charged at two of the new Tesla Supercharger locations, where they were met by enthusiastic customers and local officials.

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Motorway service stations are still worth missing out

Suppose you’re on your way back from a classic car show and feeling a tad peckish. Where are you going to stop?

It’s one of the questions I'm forever wondering when I'm out and about, cruising the highways and byways of Britain in all manner of classics in the quest to find a spot of decent en-route grub. The irony is that the usual place we end up stopping – motorway service stations – are largely locked in the 1970s.

Like multi-storey car parks designed for Austin 1100 owners, quaint farm entrances on the A1 and Little Chef restaurants, they’re a bit of Britain’s motoring empire which haven’t really caught up with the 21st century yet. If you happen to be shooting through the more scenic bits of the M6 in Cumbria you’re in luck – Westmorland Services, thanks to a combination of the nearby Lakeland scenery and its insistence on farm fresh local produce, is a joy to visit – but almost all of the rest are a not-especially-appealing exploration of fast food takeaways and overpriced fry-ups.

Of the alternatives, I’ve always had a soft spot for Little Chef, but the firm’s will-it-won’t-it skirt around potential demise makes us wonder whether we can count on an Olympic Breakfast in years to come. We’re also quite keen on the Route 66 vibe of OK Diner, frequented by A1-bound Elvis lovers, but we’d only make it an occasional joy unless we really wanted to emulate the Memphis rocker in his Vegas years.

Yet these aside – and the option of the shady butty van in a layby for the risk-takers among our resident food fanatics – stopping on journeys for a bite is almost always a succession of depressing service station eateries. That’s why one of the latest books to land at the Classic Car Weekly offices – Near The Motorways, by Hugh Cantlie, proved a bit of a hit with our hacks. Fed up with a succession of KFC Boneless Banquets, two-hour parking restrictions and toilets which all too often resemble that scene out of Trainspotting, it gave us hope that we might actually find a culinary delight to truly satisfy our post-show cravings.

The irony is that during the pre-motorway era of your mum and dad actually driving around A35s, Anglias and Minors the chances of getting a meal you’d enjoy – rather than ramming down your throat in under five minutes – were actually better.

Where do you stop for a bite to eat on your classic car journeys? I’d love to know whether you’re as keen as we are to give motorway service stations a miss

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Nissan's 2013 LEAF Sales Surge 335%

Nissan reported a massive 335% increase in sales of its hatchback electric car LEAF in U.S since the launch of the 2013 model in Mar 2013. LEAF has been Nissan's bestselling car in Seattle, Portland and San Francisco. Alongside, the company also witnessed burgeoning demand for electric vehicles outside the traditional West Coast market, i.e., in "New Wave" markets across the country.

Nissan expects incremental demand for electric vehicles in diverse markets and LEAF is expected to dominate the market share. With more than 75,000 LEAF electric cars on the road, Nissan emerged as the global leader in zero emission vehicles.

Nissan has witnessed 8.5% year-on-year growth in sales so far this year. The increase was driven by record-breaking U.S. monthly sales in 4 out of 7 months. The biggest contribution came from year-over-year increase in the sales of Nissan LEAF and a surge in the sales of the redesigned Pathfinder SUV.

Apart from the U.S., Nissan is also doing well in other parts of America. The company witnessed 7.5% sales growth in Mexico in the first seven months of 2013. Moreover, it plans to open new manufacturing facilities in Aguascalientes, Mexico and Resende, Brazil.

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Toyota adds discounts for Tesla-powered all-electric RAV4

Toyota Motor Corp. is discounting its all-electric RAV4 through low-cost lease and loan offers to boost demand for the slow-selling compact crossover that’s powered by a Tesla Motors Inc. battery pack and motor.

Toyota, the world’s biggest maker of hybrid autos, this month is promoting the option of a $299-a-month, three-year lease for the $49,800 light truck, or a 60-month, no-interest loan, said Carly Schaffner, a company spokeswoman. The offers run through Sept. 3 and are available only in the Los Angeles and San Francisco regions, the vehicle’s main markets.

Honda Motor Co., Nissan Motor Co. and General Motors Co. similarly have turned to discounted leases to buoy their rechargeable models. Toyota last year said it would sell 2,600 RAV4 EVs by the end of 2014. Through July, just 709 have been sold since sales began last September.

“The use of our incentives is tactical, reinforcing our value and focus on keeping our products competitive in the market,” Schaffner said. “We’re still evaluating the market demand for EVs.”

The battery-powered RAV4 arose in 2010 as a result of Toyota President Akio Toyoda’s desire to work with Palo Alto, Calif.-based Tesla. Along with the vehicle project, Toyota made a $50 million investment in Tesla. Tesla shares have surged about fivefold this year, boosting the value of Toyota’s 2.4 percent stake in the company to about $476 million.

Toyota, with the biggest market share in California, is under pressure to sell the most rechargeable vehicles in the state to meet strict emissions rules. Along with the electric RAV4 that goes about 100 miles per charge, Toyota sells a plug-in version of its Prius hybrid to meet state rules and will add a hydrogen-powered electric sedan in 2015.

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200,000 Fast-Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles by 2020

Total fast-charging stations for EVs are set to reach 199,000 locations globally in 2020, up from just 1,800 in 2012. The number of these stations, meanwhile, is anticipated to rise more than threefold in 2013 to 5,900 and then nearly triple to 15,200 in 2014. Overall growth will continue at a rapid pace through 2020.

Hard charging

"The length of time it takes to recharge an EV continues to be one of the major stumbling blocks inhibiting the widespread adoption of electric vehicles," said Alastair Hayfield, associate research director at IHS Automotive. "Compared to the time it takes to refuel an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle, the recharge time for EVs is incredibly slow-at about four hours to charge a 24 kilowatt-hour (kWh)-capacity battery using a 6.6 kW on-board charger. If EV auto manufacturers could overcome this obstacle, it could lead to a high rate of adoption from environmentally minded consumers as well as those seeking to cut gasoline expenses. That's where fast charging comes in."

Hooked up to a fast-charging system, which offers a high-voltage DC charge instead of a slower AC charge, a vehicle can be fully charged in as little as 20 minutes. This could be a major step toward EVs becoming generally equivalent to ICE vehicles when it comes to refueling.

"IHS believes fast charging is a necessary step to promote higher adoption of EVs, but there will need to also be better consumer education regarding behavioral changes that may need to happen when owning an electric vehicle-such as charging overnight or at work," Hayfield said.

Japanese standard charges ahead

One fast-charging standard designed for electric vehicles is dubbed CHAdeMO, a primarily Japanese-backed technology. The major proponents of the technology are Japanese automotive OEMs-including Toyota, Nissan, Mitsubishi; and Japanese industrial giants-including Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd., Tokyo Electric Power Co. and more.

CHAdeMO, roughly translated as "charge for moving," began deployment in 2009 in order to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles in Japan, where EVs have found positive reception. Today there are as many as 2,445 CHAdeMO fast chargers in operation and more than 57,000 CHAdeMO-compatible EVs around the world. This accounts for as much as 80 percent of all electric vehicles on the road, especially given the high concentration of EVs coming from Japan in the form of the Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi i-MiEv, Hondo Fit EV and more.

One size charges all

A competing solution to CHAdeMO, aptly named the combined charging system (CCS), offers electric vehicle owners the option of having a single charging inlet that can be used for all available charging methods. That includes 1-phase charging at an AC power source, high-speed AC charging with a 3-phase current connector at home or at public charging stations, DC charging at conventional household installation and DC fast charging at power-charging stations globally.

CCS, which was submitted for international standardization in January of 2011, has garnered the support of Audi, BMW, Daimler, Chrysler, Ford, GM, Porsche and Volkswagen. Already BMW, GM and Volkswagen have announced they will introduce fast-charging EVs based on the CCS standard sometime this year.

Tesla vies to electrify the market

Tesla Motors, the California company most notable for the all-electric Tesla Model S, is driving a third method for fast charging. Tesla is developing its own proprietary network of fast chargers in the U.S. Dubbed "Superchargers," the chargers operate at a higher power rating than current CHAdeMO or CCS chargers, and also have a proprietary plug interface, which means that only Tesla vehicles can use them.

"In addition to the proprietary technology, the charging stations are free to use for Tesla owners, and there are plans to power all stations using photovoltaics," Hayfield said. "These Superchargers represent a powerful proposition for Tesla-drivers can charge faster, have U.S.-wide coverage by 2015 and will charge for free for life. This triple threat will aim to lock drivers into the Tesla experience, and also will give Tesla a perceived advantage over other original equipment manufacturers competing in the same market.

Future charge

Looking ahead to the future of EVs, it's clear that DC charging is becoming the favored means for supporting rapid, range-extension electric vehicles. But it is less clear as to whether CHAdeMO or CCS will win the battle for the consumer.

Japan will continue to utilize CHAdeMO, while Germany is set on using CCS; other nations likely will also utilize CCS as well, since it supports slow-charging. But no matter which solution is used, DC-based fast charging is critical to promoting consumer approval and interest in EVs.

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Life On Cars gets a guest column in Classic Car Weekly!

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VW to launch all-electric e-Golf & e-up! in Frankfurt

In a dual world premiere, Volkswagen will be presenting two new and extremely efficient electric cars at the International Motor Show (IAA) in Frankfurt (10th to 22nd September): the e-up! and e-Golf. This means that Europe's most successful carmaker is transitioning two high-volume production models to the age of electric mobility.

Both zero-emissions cars offer unlimited everyday practicality, each has four doors, and they are attractively equipped. Standard features: automatic climate control with parking heater and ventilation, radio-navigation system, windscreen heating, LED daytime running lights and, in the e-Golf, the Volkswagen brand's first use of LED headlights. The two newcomers are also leaders in energy efficiency: the e-up! consumes just 11.7 kWh of electricity per 100 km – this makes it the new world champion in efficiency. The e-Golf, positioned two classes higher, attains an excellent value of 12.7 kWh. Given an electricity price of €0.258 per kWh (Germany, as of 31st July 2013), driving 100 km with the e-up! costs just €3.02, and with the e-Golf it is around €3.30.

Made in Germany. Innovative drive technologies are core competencies at Volkswagen. Therefore, the e-motors, gearboxes and lithium-ion batteries of the e-up! and e-Golf are developed in-house, and they are manufactured in large Volkswagen component plants in Germany.

Typical Volkswagen. All Volkswagen are intuitive to operate, extremely practical in everyday use and sophisticated, and these traits have been fully transferred to the brand's new e-vehicles. The zero-emission cars from Volkswagen are manufactured with the same high-volume production systems as their counterparts with combustion engines.

e-Golf data. The e-Golf, which is being presented in a world premiere in Frankfurt, is driven by a 85 kW / 115 PS electric motor. The motor produces its maximum drive torque of 270 Nm as soon as it starts off. The results: the front-wheel drive e-Golf reaches 100 km/h in 10.4 seconds. On a motorway, the speed of the five-seat front-wheel drive car is electronically limited to 140 km/h.

e-up! data. Also making its debut in a world premiere at the IAA is the four-seat e-up!. Its electric motor produces 60 kW / 82 PS. This motor transmits 210 Nm of torque to the driven front axle from a standstill. It completes the sprint to 100 km/h in 12.4 seconds. Top speed: 130 km/h.

Driving ranges tailored for commuters. The e-up! can drive 160 km on one battery charge (18.7 kWh), while the e-Golf with its larger battery (24.2 kWh) has a range of 190 km. In both models, two very efficient driving modes ("Eco", "Eco+") and four just as easy to activate regenerative braking modes ("D1", "D2", "D3" and "B") help to extend maximum ranges. And they are driving ranges that make sense. In Germany, for example, studies by the Federal Ministry for Transport, Building and Urban Development found that around 80 per cent of all car drivers in Germany drive fewer than 50 km daily.

Quick charging. The fastest CCS charging stations (direct current) shorten the time needed to charge the battery of an e-up! or an e-Golf to 80 per cent capacity to just around half an hour.

Powertrain and fuel strategy. Over the past decade, Volkswagen has already systematically sketched out a schedule for the future in its powertrain and fuel strategy, which included starting points for electric vehicles like the e-up! and e-Golf. This strategy sets up a timeline with realistic time windows for the introduction of alternative drive systems such as the hybrid, electric and hydrogen-based systems. In this scenario, the all-electric drive system – which will be demonstrated by the new e-up! and e-Golf – represents an indispensable and sensible supplemental drive system. That is because electric cars utilise renewable energy sources and enable zero-emissions mobility in metropolitan areas. Nonetheless, well into the future Volkswagen will continue to promote an intelligent mix of the most efficient drive systems.

Driving at the pace of the big city. The fact is that the target group for electric cars is growing, because a paradigm shift has begun. Sustainable mobility is having an increasing impact on people's actions. Yet the products for implementing this environmental awareness must be practical and fun as well - such as the e-up! and e-Golf which accelerate to big city pace in just a few seconds. The new zero-emission Volkswagen cars therefore have the potential for irreversibly charging up the electric car segment with innovative technology, a high level of everyday practicality and a dynamic driving feeling.

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Toyota to add Wireless Charging to Plug-In Prius

During the recent Toyota Hybrid World Tour Satoshi Ogiso, Managing Officer of Toyota Motor Corporation said Toyota will begin verification of a wireless/inductive charging system system in Japan, the US and Europe in 2014.

We have been listening very carefully to Prius PHV owners over the past two years… and are considering their requests for additional all-electric range.

We have also heard from these owners, that they would like a more convenient charging operation. In response, we are developing a new wireless/inductive charging system that produces resonance between an on-floor coil and an onboard coil to recharge the battery without the fuss of a cable.

We will begin verification of the system in Japan, the US and Europe in 2014.

Nissan recently said they are working on an open source wireless induction charging system and that five future Nissan-brand EVs will use inductive charging.

No doubt this will become yet another standards battle as we have seen with CHAdeMo vs SAE J1772 and Tesla setting their own fast charging standard.

A good question to ask at this point is, when will Tesla announce wireless induction charging across it's Supercharger network?

Source: Toyota

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Nissan ZEOD RC - Preparing for track debut - The Tub [VIDEO]

Nismo.TV catches up with the Nissan ZEOD RC team as preparations are underway for the testing debut of the unique car that will "electrify Le Mans" in 2014

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Innovative New Office Chairs by Eurotech Seating

Love ergonomics and modern style? Then you have got to see the new office chairs from Eurotech Seating. With hot models like the Ergo Elite, Chakra, Hawk, Wing, and Stingray chair, your office will be at not shortage of efficiency and effectiveness. These awesome seating solutions provide optimal comfort and user friendly features designed to provide the perfect work day! Enjoy the reviews below.

First up, the new Ergo Elite chair with patterned mesh back. If it's cutting edge good looks you're in search of, this is the chair for you. Available in both high back and mid back versions, the Ergo Elite is more than ready to provide sustainable support for any body type. The polished frame and base enhance the luxury look while innovative ergonomic features combine for a truly remarkable sit. Priced starting at $679.00, the Ergo Elite Office Chair is geared towards the needs and budget of the modern executive but not out of reach for the average consumer. Overall, the quality reflects in the price tag. This product is definitely an excellent value.

The Chakra Office Chair defines innovation and creativity! This unique product features an open zoomorphic structure that is light and airy yet extremely comfortable. The Eurotech Chakra chair focuses on the body's power centers for superior comfort. By specifically cushioning the chakras, and leaving the rest of the body free of tension, Eurotech has created and extremely comfortable seating solution. This line of top ergonomic office chairs for sale speaks directly to our animated connection to the inanimate world. The seating surface is composed of 7 independent cushions mounted directly to the chair frame on specially engineered rubber foundations to support the user and move in cohesion with their body. Choose from 5 cool color and frame combinations sure to spice up any workplace decor for only $343.99.

Cool, affordable, and efficient. These three words most accurately describe the new Hawk Series Office Chair by Eurotech. Priced at only $172.99 it's easy to see the value this innovative product has to offer.
The Eurotech Seating Hawk chair is the perfect seating solution for modern ergonomic office environments! This affordable yet high end ergonomic chair boasts impressive features designed for optimal comfort. Rest assured, the Hawk office chair is a top choice for any contemporary workplace. Available in 5 cool mesh back, seat, and frame combinations these ergonomic computer chairs for sale in 2013 easily adapt to any work environment and modern decor.

The Eurotech Wing Series Chair is all about versatility! These innovative new office chairs for sale offer flip up arms and a unique back shape for optimal comfort. Standard features like tilt tension control, tilt lock, synchro tilt, seat height adjustment, and a waterfall seat edge are all quite useful. Priced at $193.00, these executive office chairs work great in both home and business applications. Choose from leather and microsuede upholstery options in both black and grey to match your individual office decor. The microsuede provides a delicate look that's surprisingly durable while the leather boasts class and elegance that's sure to earn your space a host of positive compliments. No matter your choice, the Wing chair is sure to have your office space soaring to new height!

When Eurotech Seating decides to create a new product they consider all of the essential points like comfort, price, style, and ergonomics. The new Stingray Series Office Chair combines them all to form an ideal seating solution for both professional business and home computing needs. This adjustable mesh office chair is perfect for any office application! The MT8500 model features a variety of luxury ergonomic attributes and includes free nationwide shipping from a variety of top chair retailers. Priced at $140.99, you'll be hard pressed to find better mesh back chairs for sale with better style, features, and overall quality. The Stingray is a real winner and should be considered by any business looking to provided their valued employees with reliable and comfortable task chairs on a budget.

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ZF and Levant Partner to Develop Regenerative Suspension

Regenerative brakes are increasingly becoming a popular option on new cars as a way to save energy, and soon that technology could be joined by another engineering breakthrough: a regenerative suspension.

We have reported on Regenerative shock absorber developments including Linear tubular electric motors Here, Here and Here and hydraulic actuator based systems Here and Here.

This technology is being developed by ZF and Levant Power, in hopes of producing a suspension system that combines “the vast gains of active suspension with modest power consumption, minimal complexity and affordable cost,” the companies announced in a release. Essentially, the alliance hopes to build the world’s first fully active and regenerative suspension for automobiles, and make it affordable enough for volume production.

Forming the basis of the technology is an innovative, functional unit that is fitted to the outside of a ZF damper. In the compact unit is its own control unit, an electric motor and an electrohydraulic gear pump. That gear pump is in charge of regulating the oil flow to the damper, allowing it to adapt optimally and automatically to the driving conditions. In addition, the system is even capable of actively raising each individual wheel on the vehicle.

The innovative valve system automatically uses the swaying motion of the damper piston in order to recover energy. The system then guides the oil in the damper, driving the electric pump motor, essentially allowing it to function like a generator. The generated kinetic energy is then turned into electricity which is fed into the vehicle’s power supply.

“We look forward to working closely together with Levant Power. The objective is to develop the world’s first fully active and regenerative suspension, make it ready for volume production and introduce it to the market. Thus, we are promoting efficient innovations that are tailored to meet global requirements,” said Rolf Heinz Rüger, in charge of the Suspension Technology business unit of ZF’s Car Chassis Technology division.

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2013 Ormskirk MotorFest proves a spectacular petrolhead success

WHAT do a Le Mans-winning Bentley, some thundering stock racers and a brigade of cute old bubble cars have in common?

 If, like me, you were one of the thousands of petrolheads to pay a visit to Ormskirk last weekend then you’ll already know the answer, because all three – and about 300 other cars and bikes besides – were the stars of a free-for-all motorsport spectacular which managed to get the town’s one-way system echoing to a spot of V8 thunder.

This year’s Ormskirk MotorFest, thanks partly to a welcome helping of scorching sunshine, has managed what I was suspecting to be impossible; attracting even more visitors to Ormskirk than the previous two.

With my slightly sick-sounding MG having only limped to the show’s static displays this year (it’s in need of a bit of classic car TLC) I gave going out in the parade a miss this year, but that meant I could really revel in looking around some of the stunning machinery on show. Sure, there was the very Bentley which stormed to victory at Le Mans a decade ago taking pride of place by the clock tower, but it only took a little extra digging to discover some equally eyeball-grabbing cars with some fantastic stories behind them – take, for instance, the 1948 Allard which just happens to be the exact same car the company showed off at the London Motor Show in Earls Court 65 years ago.

A car that’s now cherished by a car lover in Holmeswood, which brings me to the heart of what I love about the Ormskirk MotorFest – that almost all of the cars and bikes are from Sefton, West Lancashire, and the immediate surrounding area. Ormskirk on the August Bank Holiday Sunday has, a result, become an opportunity for thousands of you to find just how much passion there is for motoring in this part of the world.

It was a treat to see the flotilla of 1950s bubble cars being followed up the hill towards the parish church by a succession of Jags, Astons and Bentleys, but it was even more of a joy to see the crowds which had turned out to see them. When Wilf Blundell’s old stock car racer fired into life, the atmosphere tingled with excitement.

In an age where I’ve seen people happily pulling in excess of £50 out of their pockets to pay for a car show ticket, there’s something wonderfully egalitarian about thousands of people packing into Ormskirk, free of charge, to see some beautiful cars strutting their stuff on the town’s streets.

I’ll redouble my efforts to get the MG mended for next year’s event!

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Panasonic Announce Tokai University Solar Car Team Sponsorship

Panasonic Corporation today announced that it has agreed to provide technical support to Tokai University's solar car team, which will compete in the 2013 World Solar Challenge (WSC 2013), one of the world's biggest races for solar cars, to be held from October 6 to 13 in Australia. Under the sponsorship agreement, Panasonic will provide the Japanese university team with its HIT(R) solar cells which boast the industry's top-class electricity output as well as its high-capacity lithium-ion batteries.

The WSC, which started in 1987 and became a biennial event in 1999, is a time-based competition over a distance of 3,021km from Darwin in the north down to Adelaide in the south. Teams from around the world, including universities and corporations, participate in the race in cars powered solely by sunlight.

The Tokai University team has an impressive track record in solar car racing. The team won the previous WSC races held in 2009 and 2011, and is now looking to make a hat trick in the WSC this year. Last year, the team also won the race in South Africa that was recognized by the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) as the world's longest alternative fuel vehicle car race. Panasonic's energy products contributed to the team's victories at these international competitions.

Panasonic's HIT solar cells have a unique hybrid configuration with a crystalline silicon substrate surrounded by ultrathin amorphous silicon layers. Compared to ordinary crystalline silicon-based solar cells, Panasonic's HIT solar cells suffer less degradation of power output at high temperatures, delivering the industry's highest-level energy output per unit of area. This makes Panasonic's HIT solar cells ideal for solar cars competing in races such as the WSC, given that the WSC regulations limit the total area of solar cells installed on the body to up to six square meters and that the cells will be exposed to the scorching Australian sun. The HIT solar modules for the Tokai University team are purpose-built for the solar car race, using the same solar cells - the main component that converts the sunlight into electricity - that are mass-produced for the residential market.

The rechargeable batteries Panasonic is providing are the cylindrical 18650 type (18 mm in diameter x 65 mm in height) high-capacity lithium-ion battery cells which use the company's proprietary nickel-based positive electrode. The high-capacity and lightweight battery cells store excess power generated by the HIT solar cells so that the car is able to continue running even on overcast days.

The Bridgestone World Solar Challenge starts on October 6th in Darwin and finishes 3,000 km later on Sunday 13th October in Adelaide.

Disclosure: EV News has been engaged by the South Australian Motor Sport Board to help promote the World Solar Challenge 2013.

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Bridgestone Sponsors World Solar Challenge 2013

Bridgestone will be the title sponsor of the World Solar Challenge 2013, which will be held in Australia October 6-13.

Dubbed “The Bridgestone World Solar Challenge 2013,” the event will see a record 45 teams from 26 countries compete in a 3,000 km cross-country race using only solar energy to power the vehicles.

The event will feature three separate classes, Adventure Class, which will showcase cars built for previous events; Cruiser Class, which will be judged by design practicality, and Challenger Class, which will compete for the title of the world’s most efficient solar car.

The Bridgestone World Solar Challenge starts on October 6th in Darwin and finishes 3,000 km later on Sunday 13th October in Adelaide.

Disclosure: EV News has been engaged by the South Australian Motor Sport Board to help promote the World Solar Challenge 2013.

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BMW test the i3 and i8 under extreme conditions [VIDEO]

A short promo video showing BMW testing their electric cars under extreme conditions.

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ABC Nightline's special coverage of Tesla Motors [VIDEO]

ABC News with Bloomberg's Betty Liu Nightline Tesla Special

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Nissan to expand EV lineup to 5 models all with Wireless Charging

Nissan Motor Co. says it will expand its global EV product line to five models.

The company has not announced what additional models it is planning and has not specified a timetable. But it indicates Nissan is taking a long-term view of the slow-growing EV market.

"We haven't announced what models they will be, but we have plans for five," Carla Bailo, senior vice president for R&D at Nissan Americas, told reporters. "The others will come in due time."

Bailo said future Nissan-brand EVs will use inductive charging. Inductive chargers enable an EV owner to park on top of a charging mat to recharge a battery wirelessly without hooking up a connector.

"Once that technology is ready, we will use it across our brands," she said after her presentation.

Previously, Nissan had said inductive charging was critical to differentiate the luxury EV planned for the Infiniti brand.

Production of the cargo van begins later this year in Europe, initially for the European market. But this spring, Infiniti President Johan de Nysschen said the Infiniti EV will be delayed. Infiniti said it wanted to wait for improvements in inductive charging technology.

The company spent $1.8 billion to move U.S. production of that model to Smyrna, Tennessee, and to construct a lithium ion battery module plant there. That factory, which began production in January, gives Nissan the capacity to build up to 150,000 Leafs a year and 200,000 batteries.

Sales of the car in the United States have more than tripled since last year, when it was still being imported. Through July, Nissan dealers sold 11,703 Leafs, up from 3,543 in the first seven months of 2012.

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Cool Workplace Furniture Trends

Whether your business is geared toward services specifically for people or you just want to stay hip to the modern age, keeping your office updated with the coolest workplace furniture trends is a great way to start. However, keeping up with what's hot can be really difficult if you don't know what to look for in your office furniture. But never fear, with this handy tutorial on how to keep things looking new and exciting, you will have your workplace tricked out with all the latest styles and gadgets, finding yourself on the cutting edge in no time!

Metal

One of the coolest design trends on the market today is the sleek look of metal. This shiny, solid material is not just sturdy, but the extra sheen coupled with other materials such as wood or glass gives any place a spectacular feeling of balance and modernization. Even if your workplace decor is full of glass and dainty lines, metal can convey strength to even things out. If your workplace relies a lot on wood furnishings, adding metal is a great accent that brings a touch of the new age into the room. Office products that make the best use of metal accents are usually modern office desks and computer desks, as well as glass office desks for any home or business.  There are even a few modern executive chairs out there that will match this new combo and add a splash of color to tie in any existing decor! When it comes to metal, there are tons of options. Whatever you choose, know that adding any of these great products is a surefire way to make your office shine. Literally!

Glass

If you want a workplace that looks crisp and stylish, there is no better material to use than glass. In fact, a few glass accents here and there are often just the thing needed to complete a room. Glass looks great with any decor because it is so incredibly versatile. It can come in a transparent shade of almost any color and be molded into just about any design imaginable. But, if you want to go for the modern look, clear or a nice pale blue are the ways to go. Adding glass signifies honesty in the workplace as well as a strong sense of the modern age. If you want to go green or symbolize a rebirth of some kind, glass is the also perfect thing, as it can easily be melted down and molded into something new. No modern office should ever be complete without a few glass accents, and the best office products to do it with are glass office desks and glass computer desks for your home or workplace. Other ways to bring in glass are with a few stylish storage cabinets with glass doors, or with glass end tables in a waiting room or lounge.


White

One of the biggest trends of the modern age is the addition of white office furniture to workplaces. We've all seen it at the Apple Store, but now the trend has become huge, and for good reason. White conveys a sense of cleanliness. It easily matches any color and looks great when compared with other solid colors or unique designs. Subconsciously, pale tones like white or light blue make rooms appear more open which is especially important if you have dark furniture. In fact, the white-black color combo is one of the most stylish modern designs of today, both colors working to contrast one another in a way that makes any room feel whole, complete, and well balanced. Office products that are great opportunities to incorporate white into your color scheme are through stylish office chairs, such as the Hendrix White Leather Conference Chair by Woodstock, or in cool office desks like the ones offered in the Verde Collection by Cherryman for office use.



Modular Design

If you're already thrilled with the way your office looks, but maybe aren't so thrilled with how it functions, there are some remarkable products out there to help you with just that, and they all rely on the same concept: modular design. Now, if you're wondering what "modular design" is, don't worry - its very new - but knowing a few tricks about modular design can really help you out regarding the functionality of your office. The whole concept revolves around keeping everything at hands' reach in the office and making the most use of the space you've got. A few of the products that best showcase this concept are multi user workstations and cubicles for business purposes. These products always make great use of space, often allowing more than one individual to work from the same unit. They are great for businesses that fluctuate in activity, part of their modular design including the ability to add or remove units as needed. However, if you've already got desks or workstations, it doesn't mean you get to miss out on the benefits of modular design. Adding sliding keyboard trays and monitor arms to your computers are easy ways to clear up desk space and improve office function. Mounting CPU holders under desks free up leg room and prevent accidents by keeping your computers' hard drives off the floor.

Ergonomic Features

Perhaps one of the biggest trends in office design today revolves around ergonomics. This new style of furniture is design to reflect the findings of different ergonomic studies, meaning all products are designed to improve comfort and efficiency in the workplace. The office products that do this best are without a doubt, ergonomic office chairs for the home and business. Products like the OFM Verte Ergonomic Office Chair above are some of the most comfortable chairs money can buy, moving in every way that your back does. Other ergonomic desk chairs come with all sorts of features, including the ability for height and back adjustment, seat adjustment, and removable arm rests. There are even a few stylish ergonomic office desks out there, in case you need a desk that features height adjustment or provides tilt control over the surface. Adding ergonomic workstations are great for the health of your employees and, in turn, the health of your business. Even if your office is as stylin' as ever, without the addition of ergonomics, know that your workplace is seriously missing something in the realm of the modern age: comfort and efficiency.

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Toyota Reveal 420hp AWD Yaris Hybrid-R Powertrain Details

Based on the Yaris 3-door, the Yaris Hybrid R concept hybrid powertrain configuration combines the powerful 1.6l petrol Global Race Engine with two powerful electric motors to provide an ‘intelligent’ electric four-wheel drive capability.

The front wheels are driven by a 300hp 4-cylinder 1.6 turbo engine with direct injection specifically developed by Toyota Motorsport GmbH (TMG) according to the rules of the International Automobile Federation (FIA) for a Global Race Engine to be utilised in various motorsport disciplines.

At the rear, each wheel is individually powered by a 60hp electric motor – the same as those used in the standard Yaris Hybrid.

Taken together, the hybrid powertrain system develops a total system output of up to 420 hp. The two electric motors work as electric generators during the braking phase, and supplement the petrol engine during the accelerating phases.

Super-capacitor

Just like in the TS030 HYBRID, the energy recovered during the braking phase is stored in a super capacitor. Compared to the standard NiMh hybrid battery, the super capacitor has a higher power density and a fast power charge / discharge speed. It is perfectly suited to the requirements of sporty driving on track, which requires brief and immediate bursts of power.

Nevertheless, level of power depends on the duration of energy delivery desired. In road mode, the super-capacitor releases the energy recovered under braking for a maximum duration of 10 seconds per charge and the total power of the two electric motors is reduced to 40 hp. In track mode, the rear electric motors reach a combined maximum power of 120hp for up to 5 seconds per charge, reflecting the higher frequency of braking and acceleration events during circuit driving.

Advanced traction control

A 3rd 60hp electric motor, located between the engine and the 6 gear sequential transmission, operates as a generator in two different cases: during deceleration to feed the super capacitor and during acceleration to directly power the rear electric motors.

The latter will only happen when the engine power and torque exceed the grip potential of the front wheels. The generator behaves like an advanced traction control system, redirecting the torque as electric energy to the rear wheels, to boost the acceleration and improve the handling rather than to simply limit the engine power.

Torque vectoring

Rear electric motors - one per wheel – can greatly influence the Yaris Hybrid-R handling characteristics during cornering by altering the distribution of torque between the left and right rear wheels.

Each motor can be used independently as a generator or a motor to achieve the same effect as an intelligent torque vectoring differential.

Depending on the radius of the curve, the system can send more torque to the outside rear wheel allowing higher cornering speeds into the corner (middle-speed curves), apply more braking force to the inside wheel (fast curves), or even brake and accelerate each wheel independently (slow curves) to adjust the yaw effect for a better line, to limit steering angle, and understeer.

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Top 7 Ways to Improve Your Office

Looking for ways to get things done faster and more efficiently but aren't sure how to do it? If you've been feeling cramped and stifled at work, it may actually be due to your office. Keeping an office space efficient and manageable is a critical first step to a successful business that people often overlook. A clean, well-designed office allows for more productivity, greater effectiveness and speed,  a better business image, and it gives you one less thing to worry about. Here are the top seven ways to improve your office space so that you can improve your business!

An Ergonomic Office Chair

If you are looking for the best way to improve your office space, ergonomics is definitely the way to go. Ergonomics refers to the study of comfort and efficiency in a work environment and the studies have led to a whole range of products developed just to better your work experience. Chief among all of these great new inventions are, without a doubt, comfortable office chairs for your business. There are great ergonomic chairs designed for all purposes, from ergonomic desk chairs to guest chairs, and all are built to rectify discomfort. No more back pain with these babies! From their heights to their inflatable seat cushions, these chairs are designed for the individual to be adjusted by the individual so you can decide what is best for you. These affordable chairs are sure to keep you and your employees feeling comfortable and ready to take on the world!

Get Organized

Keeping an office space clean an organized is always a great place to start if you're looking to refine your office. Cleanliness is not only pleasing to the eye, but a truly clean place is a healthier environment  where everything is easy to find. However, if a workplace is tight on square footage, sometimes cleanliness is not always possible. There's just so much stuff! Sometimes stacking things along the edges of office desks can't be helped right? Wrong. There are tons of simple, affordable ways to keep an office clean, no matter how small it is. Adding mobile office carts is a wonderful example. They're made to provide space for everything that clutters up desks, such as files, pens, directories, even printers, and they can be rolled out of the way when not in use. Another great way to clean things up is by making use of vertical space. Building up instead of out with great storage cabinets and office shelving gives you more of your square footage back, and is much more efficient. You may even find your office has become a little feng shui by the end of it!

Ergonomic Monitor Arm

The screen's too high, too far down, too tilted, too angled, too... not right! If you find yourself struggling to see your own computer screen, things definitely need to change and fast! Ill-placed computers can cause a lot of health problems. If you find yourself bending unnaturally to see the screen in any way, you could be giving yourself headaches or major back pain that can lead to bad moods or even sciatica. Fortunately, the uncomfortable battle with computer screens has been fought many times before. There is a way to defeat discomfort without having to give up desks, stylish executive chairs, or even computers. Just go ergonomic! Mounting ergonomic monitor arms to your desk or wall is the best way to end the pain. These fancy little devices are easily installed and attached to computers and flatscreen TV mounts so that you can tilt and move the screen wherever you want. Maybe you use more than one screen? No problem. There are multi-screen monitor arms too. And as an added bonus, they also clear up desk space!


Proper Lighting

Does your office seem gloomy? Have you or your employees been feeling down? Has your productiveness slowed exponentially? Don't worry. Chances are, not all of you are depressed at the same time. Most likely, you business just has poor lighting. Proper office lighting is critical for office environments. Without it, employees, guests, and even CEOs can feel crestfallen and when that happens, productiveness can take a huge dive. Additionally, trying to read in lame light is terrible for the eyes. Making sure your workspace is well lit either with natural or artificial light is very important for the health of you, your employees, and your business. If you've been feeling blue, try adding a desk light or overhead task light to shed some light on your office experience!


Retractable Keyboard Tray

Are you tired of leaning over the desk to type? Good! It causes tremendous back pain and is terrible for your health. But that doesn't mean you have to suffer to get your work done. Adding retractable keyboard trays to your office furniture arsenal is another fantastic way to end discomfort and bring productivity back to the office. Retractable keyboard trays mount easily against the underside of desks and can drawn out so that they rest just above your lap for you to type and then stowed away out of sight back under the desk when not in use. It may be a small thing but these little devices are great ways to improve your health and your posture. You can count on ergonomic monitor arms and retractable keyboard trays make a perfect tag team for cleaning up space and keeping you comfortable!


CPU Holder

One great way to guard against expensive accidents without spending an arm and a leg is by getting a CPU holder. Anyone who has ever spilled their morning coffee and was terrified their computer's hard drive would get wet has not worried without reason. Accidental spills have been the catalyst for many trips to the electronics store to purchase new computers. The good news about CPU holders is that they not only keep your computer off the ground and away from the splash zone, but they also grant you extra leg room, and if you ever need to adjust the wires in the back, the hard holder can slide out much like a keyboard tray and flip around for easy reach.


Modular Furniture

Adding modular furniture is a trend that has been sweeping the nation with good reason. Modular furniture not only helps keep things organized and users from straining themselves, but it is also stylish and super efficient. The whole idea behind modular workstations is to make the most use out of the smallest space given, and keep everything within arm's reach so users can spend more time at the desk and less time running around looking for what they need. Of course, to do this, modular workstations provide excellent storage capabilities. Most are designed with the whole office in mind and many offices have seen the benefits multi user workstations that allow numerous individuals to effectively make full use of smaller spaces. If your business fluctuates in the number of individuals that work there, modular cubicles are wonderful ways to accommodate that by allowing units to be removed or added depending on your needs.

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